两汉:东方朔
答dá客kè难nán--东dōng方fāng朔shuò
客kè难nán东dōng方fāng朔shuò曰yuē::苏sū秦qín、、张zhāng仪yí一yī当dāng万wàn乘chéng之zhī主zhǔ,,而ér身shēn都dōu卿qīng相xiāng之zhī位wèi,,泽zé及jí后hòu世shì。。今jīn子zi大dà夫fū修xiū先xiān王wáng之zhī术shù,,慕mù圣shèng人rén之zhī义yì,,讽fěng诵sòng诗shī书shū百bǎi家jiā之zhī言yán,,不bù可kě胜shèng记jì,,著zhe于yú竹zhú帛bó;;唇chún腐fǔ齿chǐ落luò,,服fú膺yīng而ér不bù可kě释shì,,好hǎo学xué乐lè道dào之zhī效xiào,,明míng白bái甚shén矣yǐ;;自zì以yǐ为wèi智zhì能néng海hǎi内nèi无wú双shuāng,,则zé可kě谓wèi博bó闻wén辩biàn智zhì矣yǐ。。然rán悉xī力lì尽jǐn忠zhōng,,以yǐ事shì圣shèng帝dì,,旷kuàng日rì持chí久jiǔ,,积jī数shù十shí年nián,,官guān不bù过guò侍shì郎láng,,位wèi不bù过guò执zhí戟jǐ。。意yì者zhě尚shàng有yǒu遗yí行xíng邪xié??同tóng胞bāo之zhī徒tú,,无wú所suǒ容róng居jū,,其qí故gù何hé也yě??
东dōng方fāng先xiān生shēng喟kuì然rán长zhǎng息xī,,仰yǎng而ér应yīng之zhī曰yuē::是shì故gù非fēi子zi之zhī所suǒ能néng备bèi。。彼bǐ一yī时shí也yě,,此cǐ一yī时shí也yě,,岂qǐ可kě同tóng哉zāi??夫fū苏sū秦qín、、张zhāng仪yí之zhī时shí,,周zhōu室shì大dà坏huài,,诸zhū侯hóu不bù朝cháo,,力lì政zhèng争zhēng权quán,,相xiāng擒qín以yǐ兵bīng,,并bìng为wèi十shí二èr国guó,,未wèi有yǒu雌cí雄xióng。。得dé士shì者zhě强qiáng,,失shī士shì者zhě亡wáng,,故gù说shuō得dé行xíng焉yān。。身shēn处chù尊zūn位wèi,,珍zhēn宝bǎo充chōng内nèi,,外wài有yǒu仓cāng麋mí,,泽zé及jí后hòu世shì,,子zi孙sūn长zhǎng享xiǎng。。今jīn则zé不bù然rán::圣shèng帝dì德dé流liú,,天tiān下xià震zhèn慑shè,,诸zhū侯hóu宾bīn服fú,,连lián四sì海hǎi之zhī外wài以yǐ为wèi带dài,,安ān于yú覆fù盂yú;;天tiān下xià平píng均jūn,,合hé为wèi一yī家jiā,,动dòng发fā举jǔ事shì,,犹yóu运yùn之zhī掌zhǎng,,贤xián与yǔ不bù肖xiào何hé以yǐ异yì哉zāi??遵zūn天tiān之zhī道dào,,顺shùn地dì之zhī理lǐ,,物wù无wú不bù得dé其qí所suǒ;;故gù绥suí之zhī则zé安ān,,动dòng之zhī则zé苦kǔ;;尊zūn之zhī则zé为wèi将jiāng,,卑bēi之zhī则zé为wèi虏lǔ;;抗kàng之zhī则zé在zài青qīng云yún之zhī上shàng,,抑yì之zhī则zé在zài深shēn渊yuān之zhī下xià;;用yòng之zhī则zé为wèi虎hǔ,,不bù用yòng则zé为wèi鼠shǔ;;虽suī欲yù尽jǐn节jié效xiào情qíng,,安ān知zhī前qián后hòu??夫fū天tiān地dì之zhī大dà,,士shì民mín之zhī众zhòng,,竭jié精jīng驰chí说shuō,,并bìng进jìn辐fú凑còu者zhě,,不bù可kě胜shèng数shù;;悉xī力lì慕mù之zhī,,困kùn于yú衣yī食shí,,或huò失shī门mén户hù。。使shǐ苏sū秦qín、、张zhāng仪yí与yǔ仆pū并bìng生shēng于yú今jīn之zhī世shì,,曾céng不bù得dé掌zhǎng故gù,,安ān敢gǎn望wàng侍shì郎láng乎hū!!传chuán曰yuē::‘‘天tiān下xià无wú害hài,,虽suī有yǒu圣shèng人rén,,无wú所suǒ施shī才cái;;上shàng下xià和hé同tóng,,虽suī有yǒu贤xián者zhě,,无wú所suǒ立lì功gōng。。’’故gù曰yuē::时shí异yì事shì异yì。。
虽suī然rán,,安ān可kě以yǐ不bù务wù修xiū身shēn乎hū哉zāi!!《《诗shī》》曰yuē::‘‘鼓gǔ钟zhōng于yú宫gōng,,声shēng闻wén于yú外wài。。’’‘‘鹤hè鸣míng九jiǔ皋gāo,,声shēng闻wén于yú天tiān’’。。苟gǒu能néng修xiū身shēn,,何hé患huàn不bù荣róng!!太tài公gōng体tǐ行xíng仁rén义yì,,七qī十shí有yǒu二èr,,乃nǎi设shè用yòng于yú文wén武wǔ,,得dé信xìn厥jué说shuō。。封fēng于yú齐qí,,七qī百bǎi岁suì而ér不bù绝jué。。此cǐ士shì所suǒ以yǐ日rì夜yè孳zī孳zī,,修xiū学xué敏mǐn行xíng,,而ér不bù敢gǎn怠dài也yě。。譬pì若ruò鹡jí鸰líng,,飞fēi且qiě鸣míng矣yǐ。。传chuán曰yuē::‘‘天tiān不bù为wèi人rén之zhī恶è寒hán而ér辍chuò其qí冬dōng,,地dì不bù为wèi人rén之zhī恶è险xiǎn而ér辍chuò其qí广guǎng,,君jūn子zi不bù为wèi小xiǎo人rén之zhī匈xiōng匈xiōng而ér易yì其qí行xíng。。’’‘‘天tiān有yǒu常cháng度dù,,地dì有yǒu常cháng形xíng,,君jūn子zi有yǒu常cháng行xíng;;君jūn子zi道dào其qí常cháng,,小xiǎo人rén计jì其qí功gōng。。诗shī云yún::‘‘礼lǐ义yì之zhī不bù愆qiān,,何hé恤xù人rén之zhī言yán??’’水shuǐ至zhì清qīng则zé无wú鱼yú,,人rén至zhì察chá则zé无wú徒tú;;冕miǎn而ér前qián旒liú,,所suǒ以yǐ蔽bì明míng;;黈tǒu纩kuàng充chōng耳ěr,,所suǒ以yǐ塞sāi聪cōng。。明míng有yǒu所suǒ不bù见jiàn,,聪cōng有yǒu所suǒ不bù闻wén,,举jǔ大dà德dé,,赦shè小xiǎo过guò,,无wú求qiú备bèi于yú一yī人rén之zhī义yì也yě。。枉wǎng而ér直zhí之zhī,,使shǐ自zì得dé之zhī;;优yōu而ér柔róu之zhī,,使shǐ自zì求qiú之zhī;;揆kuí而ér度dù之zhī,,使shǐ自zì索suǒ之zhī。。盖gài圣shèng人rén之zhī教jiào化huà如rú此cǐ,,欲yù其qí自zì得dé之zhī;;自zì得dé之zhī,,则zé敏mǐn且qiě广guǎng矣yǐ。。
今jīn世shì之zhī处chù士shì,,时shí虽suī不bù用yòng,,块kuài然rán无wú徒tú,,廓kuò然rán独dú居jū;;上shàng观guān许xǔ山shān,,下xià察chá接jiē舆yú;;计jì同tóng范fàn蠡lí,,忠zhōng合hé子zi胥xū;;天tiān下xià和hé平píng,,与yǔ义yì相xiāng扶fú,,寡guǎ偶ǒu少shǎo徒tú,,固gù其qí宜yí也yě。。子zi何hé疑yí于yú予yǔ哉zāi??若ruò大dà燕yàn之zhī用yòng乐lè毅yì,,秦qín之zhī任rèn李lǐ斯sī,,郦lì食shí其qí之zhī下xià齐qí,,说shuō行xíng如rú流liú,,曲qū从cóng如rú环huán;;所suǒ欲yù必bì得dé,,功gōng若ruò丘qiū山shān;;海hǎi内nèi定dìng,,国guó家jiā安ān;;是shì遇yù其qí时shí者zhě也yě,,子zi又yòu何hé怪guài之zhī邪xié??语yǔ曰yuē::‘‘以yǐ管guǎn窥kuī天tiān,,以yǐ蠡lí测cè海hǎi,,以yǐ筵yán撞zhuàng钟zhōng,,’’岂qǐ能néng通tōng其qí条tiáo贯guàn,,考kǎo其qí文wén理lǐ,,发fā其qí音yīn声shēng哉zāi??犹yóu是shì观guān之zhī,,譬pì由yóu鼱jīng鼩qú之zhī袭xí狗gǒu,,孤gū豚tún之zhī咋zǎ虎hǔ,,至zhì则zé靡mí耳ěr,,何hé功gōng之zhī有yǒu??今jīn以yǐ下xià愚yú而ér非fēi处chù士shì,,虽suī欲yù勿wù困kùn,,固gù不bù得dé已yǐ,,此cǐ适shì足zú以yǐ明míng其qí不bù知zhī权quán变biàn,,而ér终zhōng惑huò于yú大dà道dào也yě。。
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